Compass

The compass* has been a standard navigational tool since it was introduced in 206 BC. These devices help to show direction, for use in navigation either with or without the aid of a map. They work by having a magnetized needle, connected to a post holding it in place above the directional base plate with the directional markings. The needle moves to align with the Earth's magnetic north, and south. This design of the modern magnetic compass differs slightly from those of very early versions. Back then, a magnetized needle was attached to a lightweight piece of wood or cork and it would float in a shallow dish of water to allow the needle to move into pointing in the direction of north/south. [] There are many subtypes of compass, but here we will focus on the lensatic compass**, which is the kind commonly used by military personnel. As such, they are universally understood and easy to find. This type of compass can offer you a choice of whether you want one designed for specifically the northern, or southern hemisphere. The various Lensatic models also typically come with the needle being tritium or phosphorescent for use in darkness without the need for a light. They also allow for reading the actual bearings, the degrees of one's current position and also has a sighting wire, not present in the Orienteering compass. This lets the user simply figure their direction, or use it in conjunction with a map.

There's a handy Youtube video for introduction to the Lensatic Compass, it's design and directions for use.