Compass

The Compass has been a standard tool used for a couple millennia now, since approximately 206 BC with the introduction of the navigational compass. These devices help to show direction, for use in navigation either with or without the aid of a map. Pictured below is a standard “Orienteering”, or magnetic compass, the same common type in use since way back when. They work by having a magnetized needle, connected to a post holding it in place above the directional base plate with the directional markings. The needle moves to align with the Earth's magnetic north, and south. This design of the modern magnetic compass differs slightly from those of very early versions. Back then, a magnetized needle was attached to a lightweight piece of wood or cork and it would float in a shallow dish of water to allow the needle to move into pointing in the direction of north/south.

Another type of compass frequently used, is the Lensatic Compass, most commonly used by military around the world. This type of compass can offer you a choice of whether you want one designed for specifically the northern, or southern hemisphere. The various Lensatic models also typically come with the needle being tritium or phosphorescent for use in darkness without the need for a light. They also allow for reading the actual bearings, the degrees of one's current position and also has a sighting wire, not present in the Orienteering compass. This lets the user simply figure their direction, or use it in conjunction with a map.

There's a handy Youtube video for introduction to the Lensatic Compass, it's design and directions for use.

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