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diy:network-recon [2024/06/08 03:40] – [dig] Humphrey Boa-Gartdiy:network-recon [2026/03/31 12:17] (current) – [WHOIS] Humphrey Boa-Gart
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 Lets say this site is, hypothetically, [[http://scanme.nmap.org|scanme.nmap.org]]. So where to begin? Before you can start to do anything (dox, attack, shut down, etc) you first need to run some basic tools. You have to profile where this site intersects with the rest of the internet, and the real world. Lets say this site is, hypothetically, [[http://scanme.nmap.org|scanme.nmap.org]]. So where to begin? Before you can start to do anything (dox, attack, shut down, etc) you first need to run some basic tools. You have to profile where this site intersects with the rest of the internet, and the real world.
  
-===== Finding IP Addresses & Other Basic Info =====+===== Finding IP Addresses & DNS Info =====
  
 Every machine (or **host**) on the internet has an **IP address**, and every domain name resolves to an IP address. Domain names are only aliases for IP addresses because //whatever.com// is easier to remember than //187.158.173.109//. The inverse is not necessarily true. An IP may have no domain name pointing to it. Every machine (or **host**) on the internet has an **IP address**, and every domain name resolves to an IP address. Domain names are only aliases for IP addresses because //whatever.com// is easier to remember than //187.158.173.109//. The inverse is not necessarily true. An IP may have no domain name pointing to it.
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 ==== ping ==== ==== ping ====
  
-The classic ''ping'' command works on pretty much everyone's machine, without having to install anything. It functions by sending an echo request to the IP address or domain name specified, and waiting to receive a reply back. While this command is most useful for diagnosing connection issues, it will also reveal the IP address for a domain:+The classic ''ping'' command works on pretty much everyone's machine, without having to install anything. It functions by sending a simple echo request to the IP address or domain name specified, and waiting to receive a reply back. While this command is most useful for diagnosing connection issues, a ping will also reveal the host IP address for a given domain:
  
   $ ping scanme.nmap.org   $ ping scanme.nmap.org
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 ==== nslookup ==== ==== nslookup ====
  
-Another commonly bundled cross-platform command, ''nslookup'' checks DNS records to find the IP address of a given domain:+Another commonly bundled cross-platform command, ''nslookup'' checks DNS records to find the IP address formally associated with a given domain:
  
   $ nslookup scanme.nmap.org   $ nslookup scanme.nmap.org
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 Read more [[https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-dig-command-examples|dig command examples]]. Read more [[https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-dig-command-examples|dig command examples]].
  
-===== Web hosting ===== 
  
-Every site is being hosted on someone's server. Finding out which company hosts a site is a good way to find out what kind of bandwidth packages they have, etc.+===== WHOIS =====
  
-==== Finding domain name registrar ====+[[wp>WHOIS]] is a query and response protocol that is used for querying databases that store an Internet resource's registered users or assignees. These resources include domain names, IP address blocks and autonomous systems, but it is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format.
  
-  * go here http://whois.domaintools.com/ +WHOIS lookups are a great way to find out more information about a web site or IP address. They can clue you in to who the target uses for a host or domain registrar, geographic locations, and sometimes even the real-world names & addresses of the site owners or administrators. WHOIS lookups are a necessary fundamental skill for  {{tagpage>recon}} and [[tactics:dox|doxxing]].
-  * Enter the domain name +
-  * look for Registrar +
  
-=== *nix based systems ===+For a detailed rundown on the WHOIS protocol, read the [[rfc>3912|RFC 3912]] specification.
  
-On all *nix based systems it's pretty easy to find out any available details about a domain. That's what the command 'whois' is for. Every domain registrar runs a whois database for the domains it is hosting. Their database usually contains information about the owner of the domain, a technical and an administrative contact including addresses of them (admins doing semi-legal/illegal things may lie on these forms). Some registrars require that the administrative contact is a natural person, not an organization. Some domain owners subscribe to privacy services (such as Domains by Proxy) in which case you will have to try another way to get the information. 
  
-Usage example:+==== Domain Information ====
  
-  $ whois partyvan.info+**WHOIS** lookups are extremely easy to do. That's what the ''whois'' command is for. Every domain registrar runs a WHOIS database for the domains it is hosting. These databases usually contain information about the owner & assigned contacts of the domain, such as email, phone, and street address. Keep in mind that some domain owners will lie about this, which can be grounds for domain suspension, but it is hardly enforced. Some domain owners subscribe to privacy services (such as **Domains by Proxy** or **Withheld for Privacy**) in which case you will have to try another way to get the information.
  
-==== Finding host ====+''whois'' generally doesn't like being run against subdomains, so you will have to point it at the root domain:
  
-Once you have an IP address, you can find out who is hosting a site.+  $ whois nmap.org
  
-  * go here [[https://www.ripe.net/db/whois.html]] +The lengthy results of this command (which we will not paste here) reveal that Nmap does in fact use one of the aforementioned domain privacy services. It also shows that they use [[https://www.dynadot.com|Dynadot]] as a domain registrar, which in turn points to [[https://linode.com|Linode's nameservers]], revealing two more of their service providers. 
-  * enter IP address + 
-  * look for OrgName +==== More IP Information ==== 
-  * ??? + 
-  * PROFIT!+''whois'' can be run against IP addresses as well: 
 + 
 +  $ whois 45.33.32.156 
 + 
 +Running ''whois'' against either of Nmap's IP addresses brings up more information about Nmap's host, including the email address to send abuse and DMCA shutdown notices to. (Very exploitable.) 
 + 
 +===== Browser Based Tools ===== 
 + 
 +If you don't have access to the command line, there are a handful of sites you can use for DNS & WHOIS lookups in your browser: 
 + 
 +  * [[https://whois.domaintools.com|DomainTools]] 
 +  * [[https://lookup.icann.org/en|ICANN Lookup]] 
 +  * [[https://www.whois.com/whois/|Whois.com]] 
 +  * [[https://nslookup.io|NsLookup.io]] 
 + 
 +===== More Things You Can Do ===== 
 + 
 +Congratulations! You have now done the absolute bare minimum it takes to profile a web site. But what to do with this information? There are several directions in which you can proceed: 
 + 
 +  * You can compile the info you found into [[tactics:dox|a dox file]] for the target. 
 +  * You can [[arms:nmap|run a port scan]] on the host(s) to further profile the server environment(s) of the target.
  
 {{tag>Tutorials Recon}} {{tag>Tutorials Recon}}
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