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--- arms:nmap [2024/06/03 08:58] – created Humphrey Boa-Gart
+++ arms:nmap [2024/08/06 05:48] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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-{{wst>iw-cleanup}}
 ====== Nmap ======
-**Nmap (Network Mapper)** is a port scanner. It identifies which services are running on a networked computer. This is useful for discovering and identifying points of attack in potential targets. Its ability to scan entire networks is very useful when combined with Whois information about organizations you may be targeting.
+**Nmap** (**N**etwork **Map**per) is a cross-platform command-line //port scanner//. It identifies which ports are open on a networked computer, which in turn can help identify what services are running on that computer. This is useful to both sysadmins and hackers alike for discovering potential exploitable vulnerabilities. Its ability to scan entire networks is very useful when combined with [[diy:network-recon#whois|WHOIS]] information about organizations you may be targeting.
-The GUI version of Nmap is called Zenmap.
+Nmap isn't limited to just scanning for open ports. It also features such abilities as host discovery, service and operating system detection, version identification, and more.
-===== Example Commands =====
+**Note:** Port scanning is a fast way to get your IP address flagged by some hosts. For best results, pair this with a [[security:vpn|VPN]] and use a [[diy:change-mac|randomized MAC address]].
-Basic usage (see which ports are open/filtered/closed):
+===== Download Nmap =====
-  nmap 192.168.1.150
+Nmap is available for Linux, Windows, BSD & MacOS. Download options for all platforms can be [[https://nmap.org/download.html|found here]]. Some quick install instructions are below:
-Identify services running on one computer:
+==== Debian/Ubuntu ====
-  nmap -sV 192.168.1.150
+  $ sudo apt install nmap
-Identify services running on one computer, which does not respond to pings:
+==== Fedora/Red Hat ====
-  nmap -sV -PN 192.168.1.150
+  $ sudo dnf install nmap
-Check to see if specific ports are open on one computer:
+==== Windows ====
-  nmap -p T:21-25,80,443 192.168.1.150
+Read the [[https://nmap.org/book/inst-windows.html|Windows install instructions]].
-Check to see if specific ports are open on a range of computers:
+==== MacOS ====
-  nmap -p T:21-25,80,443 192.168.1.150-254
+Read the [[https://nmap.org/book/inst-macosx.html|MacOS install instructions]].
+===== Basic Usage =====
+For this article, we will be using Nmap.org's [[http://scanme.nmap.org/|free ScanMe service]] as our example target.
+For basic usage, just run ''nmap'' followed by the domain you want to scan:
+  $ nmap scanme.nmap.org
+You can run it against IP addresses too. A ''whois'' on scanme.nmap.org says it is located at ''45.33.32.156'', so let's try that:
+  $ nmap 45.33.32.156
+==== Host Discovery ====
+The first part of an Nmap scan is host discovery. To see if the host will even respond to Nmap in the first place, without waiting for a whole port scan that typically comes after, use the ''-sP'' flag:
+  $ nmap -sP scanme.nmap.org
+Sometimes a host may not respond to a standard ping. There are a multitude of ''-P*'' flags, which ping the host in different ways:
+  $ nmap -PA scanme.nmap.org
+  $ nmap -PN scanme.nmap.org
+  $ nmap -PR scanme.nmap.org
+Etc, etc, etc. Flags can be combined sequentially like so:
+  $ nmap -PN -sP scanme.nmap.org
+If your target is not responding to pings, try adding one of these flags to your command and see if that does the trick. For more information, read [[https://nmap.org/book/host-discovery-techniques.html|Host Discovery Techniques]] in the Nmap documentation.
+==== Port Scanning ====
+To skip host discovery and go straight to the port scan, use the ''-Pn'' flag:
+  $ nmap -Pn scanme.nmap.org
+Check to see if specific ports are open on one address:
+  $ nmap -p T:21-25,80,443 45.33.32.156
+Check to see if specific ports are open on a range of addresses:
+  $ nmap -p T:21-25,80,443 45.33.32.156-254
+==== Service & Version Identification ====
+Identify information about services running on a host with the ''-sV'' flag:
+  $ nmap -sV scanme.nmap.org
+==== OS Identification ====
+Identify the operating system of a host with the ''-O'' flag:
+  $ nmap -O scanme.nmap.org
+===== Zenmap =====
+There is a GUI version of Nmap called [[https://nmap.org/zenmap/|Zenmap]], but you honestly do not really need it.
 ===== More Info =====
-[[https://insecure.org/|Nmap homepage]]
+[[https://nmap.org|Nmap Homepage]]
-[[http://linux.die.net/man/1/nmap|Nmap Man page]]
+[[https://nmap.org/book/toc.html|Nmap User Manual]]
+[[http://linux.die.net/man/1/nmap|Nmap Man page]]
-{{tag>Armaments}}
+{{tag>Armaments Recon}}

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